Ipv6 address mode. use_tempaddr = 2 – Shows whether the mode is enabled or disabled James yes it is in bridge mode anycast addressing mode is introduced Fill in information as required by different connection types https://ipv6 This lesson provides a brief overview of the three categories of IPv6 address types 4 Packet Tracer - Configuring Initial Switch Sett Get Your Network Ready for IPv6 The address from Figure 1 can be compressed as … The link-local address is created when you enable IPv6 on an interface, such as by adding a global unicast address or with the ipv6 enable command Click Save IPv6 with Hurricane Electric using LuCI Like IP, IPv6 is a packet-based protocol used for exchanging data, voice, and video traffic over the digital network Also assign a link-local address for this interface (To see your actual IP and gateway addresses, select Advanced settings A host performs several steps to autoconfigure its interfaces in IPv6 Here you'll answer questions about subjects including the addressing mode introduced by IPv6 and the major drawback of IPv4 that led to IPv6 Click Apply to save your changes Enter privileged EXEC mode CORP (config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 The DHCPv6 Prefix Exclude option was defined in ( RFC 6603) to allow the IPv6 prefix of the CPE’s WAN link to overlap with the Delegated Prefix IPv6 allows and most often requires hosts to have multiple IPv6 addresses assigned to a single interface; the link-local address is an excellent example of this This new Internet Protocol version is IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) If you remember the RIP configuration for IPv4, the networks are added using the "network" statements under RIP router configuration mode Go to “Interfaces > Diagnostics > Ping” With the dual-stack solution, every networking device, server, switch, router, and firewall in an ISP’s network will be configured with both IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity capabilities [Bridge Mode: One Static IP] is used when ISP gives one static IPv4 address to a user In Settings go to Network & Internet and click the Properties button for the interface you wish to configure In Ipv6 addresses, a contiquous sequence of blocks set to 0 can be … May 19, 2016 at 13:26 Then restart Network Manager, so that the configuration file is read, and restart the interface To configure an interface in IPv6 Auto mode, perform the following steps: 1 option ipv6 can take the value: 0: disable IPv6 on the interface Goals However it does mantain an IPv6 connection The “Front-end subnet” is enabled for IPv6 as well and contains a pair of NVAs For the “Host” enter “google IPv6 addresses are represented as 8 chunks of 16 bits in hexadecimal separated by colons, compared to 4 chunks of 8 bits in decimal (dotted-quad) for IPv4 No IPv6 WAN address, default route, delegated prefix, or LAN address shown If successful, the parent interface will be assigned a link-local address (prefix fe80::/10) To configure additional IPv6 addresses, add the following entry(s) below the entry for the main IPv6 address: iface <interface_device> inet6 static accept_ra 0 Here in this lesson, we will learn basic RIPng (RIP for IPv6) Routing Protocol configuration in a small network consisting of three Cisco Routers, three Layer 2 Switches and three computers Set the IPv6 Gateway to the link-local address, fe80::1 The following are the goals relevant to IPv6 address policy Usually, the IPv4 address a user obtained is one IP address of a C class IPv4 network; it is indicated by the netmask 255 Because hosts must support Stateful autoconfiguration of IPv6 is the equivalent to the use of DHCP in IPv4 0 | change-history [connection] ipv6 We cannot access shares by using an IPv6 address that has a colon (:) character in the command Mac address is 48 bit IPV6 host address is 64 bit Extra 16 bits derived as follows Mac 1234 This document extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the anycast Well, probably not Administrative Mode ipv6-address-mode=dhcpv6-stateless The instance receives an IPv6 address from OpenStack Networking (radvd) using SLAAC, and optional information from OpenStack Networking (dnsmasq) using DHCPv6 stateless enxa44cc8aa52bd The IP adddess and other info Typical users shouldn’t have to worry about this yet In DHCP mode, the router cannot obtain an IPv6 address It follows IPv4 as the second version of the Internet Protocol to be formally adopted for general use For example, 2001:0DB8::BA98:0:3210/48 are set within FreshTomato's Step 5: Static Address/Prefix-If you do not use stateless auto configuration, enter the full static global IPv6 address and network prefix level 2 You can restart an interface by physically unplugging it or by: The other parts of the IPv6 address — the Network Prefix, Subnet Identifier and Prefix Length — should not All of them involving publicly accessible IP Addresses are overwritten by the VZW NAT firewall that is controlled by VZW on the carriers network How to configure Router Mode of High Power Wireless N Router_TL-WR841HP V5? (new logo) interface Vlan66 ip address x BT DNS servers don't yet support IPv6, but that's not really an issue as the IPv4 DNS server will return both an A (IPv4) and AAAA (IPv6) record for a name This command must be entered to enable the router to forward IPv6 packets com but not other ipv6 address: superweijiafeng: Linux - Networking: 6: 12-08-2014 02:28 PM: Cannot connect to ipv6 website with ipv6 address: superweijiafeng: Linux - Networking: 3: 07-08-2014 03:55 PM [SOLVED] IP address clash - Duplicate IP issue: geekslinux: Red Hat: 2: 07-26-2013 02:22 AM: How to set Solicited-node multicast is also local to the wire To configure static IPv6 addresses on a router, you may choose to specify the whole 128-bit IPv6 address or use the EUI-64 format On your IPv4 network, you can configure one of your routers as an IPv6 “headend” ISATAP router that your IPv6 hosts can connect to Optionally, you can omit the eui-64 parameter and configure the entire IPv6 address The ipv6 address command assigns the prefix, the length, and the use of EUI-64 to assign the interface ID Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the newer version of the Internet Protocol (IP) IKEv2 is automatically Step 1: Enable the router to forward IPv6 packets If the node receives any response, it knows that the address is already in use and must determine another address ) My Xbox is using only IPv4 For example, FC00:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B is a complete and valid IPv6 address The Hub doesn't issue IPv6 addresses as such Select … IPv6 is supported in IPsec VPN communities with the following limitations: IPv6 is supported for Site-to-Site VPN only (Main IP to Main IP) The other options to control RA behavior may be set as needed for the network: Step 4: Assign static IPv6 addresses to the PCs 1 passive-interface default no passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/22 redistribute connected IPv6 Routing One example, is when a bridge is created over an existing interface that has a dynamic IP and the bridge is expected to get the same IP address its port had IPv6 addresses commonly contain successive hexadecimal fields of zeros The original IPv6 header is used, followed by AH and ESP, and eventually the payload itself addr-gen-mode and ipv6 com/fi Checkout the update version of IPv6 Systems website, complete set of tools to check Ipv6 connectivity Configuring separate route maps under each address family type simplifies managing IPv6 conventions write the 128 bit IPv6 address as 8 quartets of hex digits, separated by colons, for example: 2001:2222:BBBB:0003:1234:5678:9ABC:0012 Native mode : The router will assign a public IPv6 address to each device connected to this router automatically Following are two examples of IPv6 addresses: 2001:DB8:FFFF:0000:0000:0000:0001 router (config-if)# ipv6 address address/prefix-length 4 Using static mode, the IPv6 interface can still listen for Router Advertisements and learn an autonomous address from the appropriate prefix option You can define other IP addresses that are IPv4 or IPv6 Navigate to the Network > Interfaces page wlan0 This could be a problem with my modem, but whenever I try to put my modem into bridge mode, I can't access it anymore 88 We can verify that the IPv6 address has been configured by using the show ipv6 interface Gi0/0 command: The easiest way to acquire an IPv6 address as long as your network is configured is through Stateless address autoconfiguration # Enable IPv6 stable privacy mode net remember to first enable IPv6 routing on a router using the IPv6 unicast-routing command from its global configuration mode Auto-Address Configuration; Manual Configuration If you specify an interface, the following information also appears This is done by sending a neighbor solicitation message to the potential address Fireware supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses From PC-A, ping fe80::1 5678 IPv6 global addresses are similar to IPv4 public addresses Stateless autoconfiguration of IPv6 allows the client device to self-configure its IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 ( IPv6) is a network layer IP standard used by electronic devices to exchange data across a packet-switched network 66 A computer address is known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address The Main IP address for both Security Gateways must be defined as an IPv6 Address Example PC12 (config-if)#ipv6 enable This feature take effects when the router is in Wireless Router mode When the PC NIC acquires it's IP, for a couple of seconds there is 1 IPv6 permanent address and 1 IPv6 temporary address, then those addresses get doubled 9012 Invert 7th most significant bit 1034 More than one host can be addressed at a time and closest distance host can be addressed When the eero network is in bridge mode it does not assign IP addresses to your devices, your upstream router manages the network and the eeros end up acting like as mesh network extenders Anycast Mode I can still get internet on my phone and desktop, but I can't get back into the modem unless I do a hard reset on the modem The RLOC is just one of many IPv6 unicast addresses a Thread device can have As you know, IPv4 Addresses were limited and exhaused shortly Auto-Address Configuration is done automaticaly with the help of Link Local Prefix (FE80::/10) and Interface Identifier in EUI-64 Format Set the IPv6 Address to 2001:db8:1:1::4 with a prefix of /64 IPv6 addressing — You can add a static IPv6 address to the External, Trusted, Optional, or Custom interfaces when the Firebox is configured in mixed routing mode Thus, for the link-local IPv6 address fe80::20e:cff:fe3b:883c, the IPv6 Go to Advanced > IPv6 5 Suppose all the servers are allocated the same IPv6 anycast IP address This document updates RFC 8505 to enable a listener to register an IPv6 anycast or and subscribe to an IPv6 multicast address; the draft updates RFC 6550 (RPL) to add a new Non-Storing Multicast Mode and a new support for anycast addresses in Storing and Non-Storing Modes IPv6 is the "next generation" protocol designed by the IETF to replace the current version of Internet_Protocol, IP Version 4 or IPv4 I also grep'ed the whole directory for that config (Bear in mind that not all of these modems support IPv6 Step 1: Assign the IPv6 addresses to Ethernet interfaces on R1 yaml: ipv6_address_mode: dhcpv6-stateful ipv6_ra_mode: dhcpv6-stateful I was able to set the public vip in the network environment file like this: PublicVirtualFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'2001:db8:fd00:1000:f816:3eff:fe80:75ea'}] I tested dhcpv6-stateful option for ipv6_address_mode and ipv6_ra_mode without specifying … dell-emc-smartfabric-os10 | Dell EMC SmartFabric OS10 User Guide Release 10 This mode is similar to the Static IP mode in IPv4 Advertisement Or one can set the interface in question to unmanaged in NetworkManager and then configure it in systemd-networkd This is the link Step 4: Assign static IPv6 addresses to the PCs c 10 IPv6 support works for new and existing VPCs; you can opt in on a VPC-by-VPC basis (I repeat IPv4 and IPv6 must coexist for some number of years, and their coexistence must be transparent to end users Each VPC is given an IPv4 address prefix (CIDR block size can be from /16 to /28) a … Step 1: Configure IPv6 addressing on the Sales and Billing Clients After adjusting in network/external_v6 IPv6 Interface: WAN That means the only valid ULA addresses to use today are from the fd00 dell-emc-smartfabric-os10 | Dell EMC SmartFabric OS10 User Guide Release 10 The mechanism by which the address is hosted on the network is referred as addressing mode Introduction to Networks v7 You can use this /48 wherever and however you like, with the This document updates RFC 8505 to enable a listener to register an IPv6 anycast or and subscribe to an IPv6 multicast address; the draft updates RFC 6550 (RPL) to add a new Non-Storing Multicast Mode and a new support for anycast addresses in Storing and Non-Storing Modes Here is an example for configuring an interface for static IPv6 addressing mode on an Arista Networks device example: 21DA:00D3:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A can be comressed to: 21DA:D3:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A ip_network (address, strict = True) ¶ Return an IPv4Network or IPv6Network object depending on the IP address passed as argument The IPv6 portion of the address (indicated with y's) is always at the beginning, followed by the IPv4 portion (indicated with x's) It's readouts show the IPv4 and IPv6 static delegations Cons To configure an interface for a static IPv6 address: 1 24 IPv6 Mobility To best serve our customers during this time, Verizon is rolling out IPv6 address space in a "dual stack" mode – where IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are both loaded IPv6 connections are also supported in VPC networks that have IPv6 enabled Note that IPv6 addressing does not use a subnet mask explicitly following the address but uses the CIDR bit notation Here is an IPv6 configuration example: R1 (config)#ipv6 unicast-routing R1 (config)#int Gi0/0 R1 (config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:0BB9:AABB:1234::/64 eui-64 That allows the routers to perform quick routing decisions 1 to get into it, but it doesn't load Devices that join a specific solicited-node multicast address share a common interest Open the IP Configuration window on each PC and assign IPv6 addressing Enable IPv6 Connection Sharing is checked This command is supported on routable interfaces R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Set the … Step4: IPv6 connection type IPv6 uses 128-bit addressing and supports over 340 trillion trillion Open Network Manager Console from your Linux node This article contains: But IPv6 is long addressing format The ipv6 address command enables IPv6 on the configuration mode interface, assigns a global IPv6 address to the interface, and defines the prefix length It uses 128-bit addresses and provides about 340 undecillion IP addresses Assigning an IPv6 Address to an Interface IPv6 extras Verify both PCs have the correct IPv6 address information IPv6 is short for "Internet Protocol version 6" If you are interested in the steps behind this conversion, they are simply a reverse of the original Mac->IPv6 converter com All devices on the Internet have unique IP addresses, which enable other devices on the Internet to find and interact with them OR Select Edit a Connection and click on Ok The link-local address is created when you enable IPv6 on an interface, such as by adding a global unicast address or with the ipv6 enable command IPv6 multicast Today the Hub 6 does support IPv6 and has been available since October 2016 addr_gen_mode = 0 A single-mode environment operates in an IPv4 network only The dual stack approach applies to both existing and IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, compared to 32 bits for IPv4 addresses Select "WAN Settings" in the left sidebar Ipv6 is supported by most modern operating systems ( including This IPv6 subnetting calculator is provided to help you understand the IPv6 address space better and to study for exams – you should always use a /64 subnet mask on real networks 1 passive-interface default no passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/22 redistribute connected IPv6 Routing The option to assign IPv6 address ranges for bridge 1 (br1) to 3 (br3) is only visible if the bridges already exist IPv4 addresses are 32 bits, meaning there can be around 4 Click on the IPv6 button at the top right corner of the page I type the 192 But IPv6 is long addressing format There is a couple of different command to enable EIGRP for IPv6 23 /24, IPv6 Address: 2001:dabd:32bf::1 /64 Yes, I don't have such a file ; set ip6-allowaccess ping - Simply, allow ping access on WAN Ensure you have one of TWC’s approved modems Or maybe statically configure addresses if that’s an option 1 passive-interface default no passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/22 redistribute connected IPv6 Routing Here is the config used on the router interface for SLAAC When this option is enabled, CDRouter will reserve one subnet-prefix from the Delegated Prefix and assign it to the DUT’s WAN link com” or any website that is accessible via IPv6 Anycast support: IPv6 supports anycast mode of routing In an IPv6 deployment, routers periodically multicast Router Advertisement (RA) messages to announce their availability and convey information to neighboring nodes that enable them to be automatically configured on the network In this mode, the entered characters are immediately inserted into the text 2 Packet Tracer - Configure IPv6 Addresses on Network Devices - Physical Mode Change HT Mode In this scenario, the corresponding DHCP server runs in stateless mode because it won't assign IPv6 addresses to clients net" is appended R5 (config)#router eigrp EIGRP-100 # nmtui slaac detection This is the link Fedora also comes with systemd-networkd which doesn't disable EUI64 generation, by default If you are looking for IPv6 address lookup use IPGP IP Address Locator Goals of IPv6 address space management 3 addr-gen-mode cannot be set globally (in the NM config) Amazon EKS IPv6 support leverages native VPC IPv6 capabilities The gateway may be zeroed out if no gateway exists for that subnet 3 209 Instead of the IPv4 address method of 4r sets of 1-3digit numbers, IPv6 uses 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, separated by colons RA messages are used by Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) to detect neighbors, advertise IPv6 prefixes, assist in address provisioning, and share … An IPv6 address may be assigned to the DHCPv6 Client for a limited or unlimit ed time Click on the IPv6 radio button at the top right corner of the page 45 Static Mode does not disturb the running of Stateless Address Autoconfiguration on IPv6 Configure IPv6 address using Network Manager This document extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the anycast Step 4: Assign static IPv6 addresses to the PCs The Network library maintains several IPv6 addresses for the Ethernet network interface: is used to communicate globally over internet Note:- Lets start with the WAN interface Start IPv6 OSPF routing process and enter configuration mode for the routing process For cellular support, only the MX67C and MX68CW integrated cellular models are supported DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation Size: 64 When you select Auto, all of the following settings are optional (depending on your provider’s requirements): Local IPv6 Address – Input the local IPv6 address provided by your tunnel service d Each firewall rule can contain either IPv4 or IPv6 ranges, but not both net Thus, a simpler way to get stable IPv6 addresses under Fedora is just to remove NetworkManager and configure/enable systemd-networkd, instead IPv6 must be enabled globally on the router before this command will take effect Unicast – One node communicates with only one other node Note: IPv6 networking is only supported on Docker daemons running on Linux hosts Additionally enable IPv6 routing using the ipv6 unicast-routing global command The Static IPv6 controls work identically to the Static IPv4 settings WIDE-DHCPv6 client configuration As shown in the following figure, IPv6 consists So it’ll look like IPV6ADDRESS/64 or IPV6ADDRESS/112 Theoretically: 1) There will be a IPv6 server thread which binds on IPv6 address and accepts all IPv6 client connections Let’s configure it on R5 first Configuring separate route maps under each address family type simplifies managing This means the prefix is divided into fc00::/8 and fd00::/8 The following features are not supported with IPv6 on Gaia OS R80 After going to the configuration mode with “configure terminal” command, to enable IPv6 on a Cisco router, “ipv6 unicast-routing” command is used Primary IPv6 DNS Server – (optional) Depending on your Passthrough mode/One-Arm Concentrator mode currently only supports DHCPv6-NA, SLAAC or Static IP address assignment for IPv6 assignment on the WAN interface (including vMX-S/M/L platforms) How to use OpenWrt behind a Freebox with IPv6 delegation PC12 (config-if)#ipv6 address autoconfig Table 1 2 billion individual addresses, IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in size IPv6 supports IKEv2 encryption only 168 Each device joins a solicited-node multicast group address by just "deciding to listen" to the IPv6 solicited-node multicast address and then to the corresponding MAC address for that multicast IPv6 group 0 | change-history This document updates RFC 8505 to enable a listener to register an IPv6 anycast or and subscribe to an IPv6 multicast address; the draft updates RFC 6550 (RPL) to add a new Non-Storing Multicast Mode and a new support for anycast addresses in Storing and Non-Storing Modes Click Billing and then select the Desktop tab followed by IP Configuration 7 1 passive-interface default no passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/22 redistribute connected IPv6 Routing Enable IPv6 support This is the link-local dell-emc-smartfabric-os10 | Dell EMC SmartFabric OS10 User Guide Release 10 The autoconfiguration process verifies its uniqueness on a link This document extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the anycast Answer (1 of 2): “Bridge mode” means that the home router, which is often a router and firewall, performs no functions at all other than passing data none none none none What is IPv6 Address? Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer protocol that allows communication and data transfers to take … none What is an IPv6 Address? IPv6 Address is the new generation IP address that is mainly developed to overcome IPv4 exhaust and its limitations use_tempaddr = 2 – An administrator must configure the IPv6 address pool to be able to serve clients 2) Similarly there will be another server thread which binds on IPv4 address and accepts all IPv4 client connections x R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Set the IPv6 Address to 2001:db8:1:2::3 with a prefix of /64 Some users have tried this way that fixes the “IPv6 connectivity no network access” issue successfully, perhaps you may have a try Send IPv6 prefix hint: yes You can select WAN if you want to be certain it is using that interface Line by line explanation of what’s happening here: When you configure your cluster to run in IPv6 mode, Kubernetes pods and services receive IPv6 addresses Select the ISP protocol from the dropdown, or choose "Auto Select 1 255 Currently IANA has assigned only 2000::/3 addresses to the global pool See WAN interface protocols x ip6-privacy=0 ipv6 Light mode (Default) Dark mode Forums Browse All Activity Search /release6 Release the IPv6 address for the specified adapter When chosen, three additional fields are available on the interface configuration screen: IPv6 Address, a prefix length selector, and the IPv6 Upstream Gateway field The local flag value of 1 indicates that the prefix is locally assigned 103 IPv6 representation includes 8 sets of four hex digits separated by a colon (:) softwaretestinghelp b OpenDNS now supports IPv6 addresses — meaning that, by using the OpenDNS Sandbox, you’ll be able to resolve your DNS using IPv6 DNS servers Firewall rules support IPv4 connections Before you can use IPv6 in Docker containers or swarm services, you need to enable IPv6 support in the Docker daemon To disable IPv6 manually: Press Windows Key + R to open Run; Type ncpa Enter the global unicast address and the prefix-length in the IP Address/Prefix-length field I'm using VyOS as the routing software on my router/firewall (which is plugged in to one of the LAN ports on the BIP Gateway) 106 38 That is the problem Select a mode other than Disabled from the Router Mode drop-down list 1 Open an elevated PowerShell interface Vlan5 description IPv6-Only (Manual) ipv6 address fdd2:3a59:6db7:3340::1/64 ipv6 nd ra suppress all ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 30 and higher: VRRPv3 with PIM, Simplified VRRP configuration and Autodetection dhcp-duid, ipv6 In Anycast addressing mode, multiple hosts that are connected to the same network are assigned a similar Anycast IPv6 address As shown in the following figure, IPv6 consists Each IPv6 address structure is composed of an IPv6 address, a prefix length (1 - 128), and an IPv6 gateway address Anycast … To configure an IPv6 address on a Cisco interface you’ll use the ipv6 address X:X:X:X::X/<0-128> command in interface configuration mode That one file contains net For example: fffe:3465:efab:23fe:2235:6565:aaab:0001 The autoconfiguration process creates a link-local address An IPv6 (Dual) address combines an IPv6 and an IPv4 address and has the following format: y : y : y : y : y : y : x dad-timeout: int32-1: Timeout in milliseconds used to check for the presence of duplicate IP addresses on the network In this case, please run the following IPv6 RAs on a VLAN provide the neighbor discovery policy the system administrator has configured for devices running in IPv6 host mode with address autoconfiguration enabled Set the IPv6 Address to 2001:DB8:1:1::3 with a prefix of /64 IPv6 is enabled Appears if IPv6 is enabled on the interface The idea is to append a random 40 bits to the reserved ULA prefix fd00::/8, thus building a /48 that you can call your own Routing Mode Shows whether IPv6 routing is enabled or disabled This feature is supported on SRX devices from Junos OS release 9 Here are some possible solutions: Power off the cable modem for 30 seconds, then plug it back in and see if your computer gets an address 1 Native (1) Select the IPv6 connection type as "Native" These Link-Local address configuration ways are : When specifying a source for an ingress rule or a destination for an egress rule by address, you can specify IPv4 or IPv6 addresses or blocks in CIDR notation config system interface edit "wan1" config ipv6 set ip6-mode pppoe set ip6-allowaccess ping set dhcp6-prefix-delegation enable set autoconf enable end next end IPv4 is the current standard for IP addresses in the TCP/IP model, while IPv6 is a newer IP version on the rise You can enter the insert mode by pressing the [i] key NAT6 mode : The router will assign a dynamic internal IPv6 … The IPv6 mode must join the all-nodes group 0 | change-history IPv6 is short for Internet Protocol Version 6, which is the latest version of the Internet Protocol (IP) all VSX support Virtual Routers are not supported with IPv6 2001:DB8:0000:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF Compress IPv6 addresss Check the flow module status for IPv6 traffic by using the show security flow status command: root@SRX> show security flow status Flow forwarding mode: Inet This converter was implemented per Dave Russell’s suggestion as a follow up to the MAC address to IPv6 link-local address online converter average response time from 12 connections to all the continents depicted on world map Enter global configuration mode For more information on IPv6 addressing, see IPv6 Addressing detection of primary connection type com 225 This is the link This document updates RFC 8505 to enable a listener to register an IPv6 anycast or and subscribe to an IPv6 multicast address; the draft updates RFC 6550 (RPL) to add a new Non-Storing Multicast Mode and a new support for anycast addresses in Storing and Non-Storing Modes Step 3: Assign IPv6 addresses to the management interface (SVI) on S1 (Instructions for Windows, Mac and Linux are available Enter the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command IPv6 type detection unicast/teredo/four26 dhcp-duid are used to control this SLAAC is implemented on the IPv6 client by listening for these local RA’s and then taking the prefix that is advertised to form a unique address that can be used on the network IPv6 addresses are supported only when the Firebox is configured in mixed routing mode IPv6 address space is a public resource that must be managed in a prudent manner with regards to the long-term interests of the Internet Set the IPv6 Gateway to the link-local address, FE80::1 The company will maintain IPv4 for those servers continuing to use that standard, and IPv6 for servers using this latest standard is configured by a Stateless Address Autoconfiguration and also used to communicate globally Enable support for both versions with the ip versions 4 6 global command 2 to the power of 128 would produce a … ISPs have chosen an IP address transition method called dual-stack This isn’t what you want We need to convert the IPv6 address to the "ipv6-literal" namespace format Why Configuring support for communicating over a TCP/IP network IPv6 Mobility After you enter this command, the link local address will be automatically derived Configuring separate route maps under each address family type simplifies managing Client For convenience, IPv6 addresses can be written in a compressed format (see screenshot below) Get-DnsClientServerAddress ; set dhcp6-prefix-delegation enable - This tells the Fortigate to accept DHCPv6 prefix delegation (essentially how IPv6 addresses are … 1 systems Click IPv6 radio button at the top right corner of the page 85 Configuring separate route maps under each address family type simplifies managing ULA (Unique Local Addresses, or Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses to give them their full name) are IPv6’s equivalent of IPv4’s “private” addresses Router1# show ipv6 dhcp interface is in server mode Using pool: svr-p1 Preference value: 20 Rapid-Commit is disabled Router2# show ipv6 dhcp interface is in client mode State is OPEN (1) List of known servers: Address: FE80::202:FCFF:FEA1:7439, DUID 000300010002FCA17400 Preference: 20 IA PD: IA ID 0x00040001, T1 120, T2 192 Prefix: … There are three major types of IPv6 address modes namely Unicast address mode, Multicast address mode and Anycast address mode Taking the IPv6 address FC00:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B as an example: Any leading zeroes in a group can … IPv6 global unicast addresses 255 pka file: https://drive CORP (config-rtr)# default- … 1 Either way sounds like you need to pick a strategy for v6 address assignment and then read up on how to properly enable it in dd-wrt, and configure the network setup on the Pi’s to match dell-emc-smartfabric-os10 | Dell EMC SmartFabric OS10 User Guide Release 10 If your Xbox console has IPv6 connectivity, your Current Network Status will read IPv4 & IPv6 Click on the Configure icon for the interface you want to configure an IPv6 address for Here are the AirPort's settings: Configure IPv6: Automatically interface Vlan66 ip address x Examples; IPv4 address 10 An example of Ipv6 address is: 0::24 there is no option to enable / disable ipv6 PC12#sh ipv6 int brie For example, IPv4 addresses looks like: 128 This document extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the anycast This link-local IPv6 is infered from the NIC’s mac address The default gateway that ISP assigned is located at ISP’s network, while the ATU-R The IPv6 address from Figure 1 can be compressed to FE80:0:0:0:C4A8:D1BF:7583:1166 What is the biggest difference between IPv4 & IPv6 Step 1 Select Network settings Not sure which one is the most “proper” but I’d like to use the EIGRP named mode R1 (config)# ipv6 unicast-routing google ISATAP (Intra Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol) is an IPv6 tunneling technique that allows you to connect IPv6 over an IPv4 network, similar to the automatic 6to4 tunnel Ethernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:800 The last block of IPv4 addresses have been allocated, and it’s time to get your network ready use_tempaddr = 2 net , /64); SLAAC will then dynamically form a host identifier that is 64 Step 4: Assign static IPv6 addresses to the PCs Multicast – One node sends traffic to multiple nodes simultaneously Each group is separated by a colon (:) 02 ITN - 12 Stateless autoconfiguration or SLAAC is that second method in which the host or router interface is assigned a 64-bit prefix, and then the last 64 dell-emc-smartfabric-os10 | Dell EMC SmartFabric OS10 User Guide Release 10 For more information, see Configure IPv6 for an External Interface and DNS via ipconfig /all showing IPv6 address Gotcha It was initially expected to replace IPv4 in short enough time, but for now, it seems that these two versions will coexist on the Internet in foreseeable future Conversion from Security Gateway to VSX with IPv6 Enabled is not supported PC12 (config-if)#int Ethernet0/0 The different types of addressing modes are as follows: The ipv6_address_mode attribute is used to control how addressing is handled by OpenStack Migrate to dual-stack routing using the ip routing dual-stack global command Step 2 The wireless VPN firewall reboots Select Profile & system > Settings > General Remember, the IPv6 address space can be huge Enable IPv6 and select the internet connection type provided by your ISP The local flag value of 0 hasn't been defined and therefore should not be used at all which eliminates the fc00:/8 prefix from being used 0 | change-history To apply route maps to IPv6 unicast address prefixes, the neighbor route-map command must be used in IPv6 address family configuration mode Click the Edit button under IP settings, change the configuration type to Manual 16 rows Regardless of how the address is determined, the node must verify that its potential address is unique to the local link As the prefix is always fe80:0:0:0, there is no distinct separation of layer 3 networks and therefore this address is only used for communication in the current layer 2 segment of the connected LAN IPv6 is 128 bit long and usually represented in hexadecimal format of addressing Most importantly, dual-stack technology allows ISPs to process IPv4 and IPv6 data traffic Solution 6 6to4: This mode can be used when your ISP does not … Select the Advanced Setup icon in the main menu 9 IPv4 is a 32-bit system using a string of numbers separated by periods, whereas IPv6 is a 128-bit system using alphanumeric sequences separated by colons 0 Let’s attach a Windows 2012 host to the above network segment and see what happens … Auto-configured IPv6 address is known as Link-Local address If you need a Client ID, please contact your ISP in order to receive an IPv6 address The IPv6 address of the default gateway In the "ipv6-literal" namespace format the colon (:) symbol is converted to the dash (-) symbol and "ipv6-literal If the modem has an IPV6 address and the IPV6 address for google can't be determined, then there's a CMTS configuration issue which is not allowing IPV6 data to return to the user conf This procedure makes use of the settings explained above to create an IPv6 subnet in a Even though the IPv6 address is four times longer than IPv4 address, the IPv6 header is only double in size as the IPv4 But when you actually key in the IPv6 address on a system, that /64 or /112 will convert to … To apply route maps to IPv6 unicast address prefixes, the neighbor route-map command must be used in IPv6 address family configuration mode Compressing zeros in IPv6 some IPv6 addresses often contain long sequences of zeros But since you have no IPv6 scopes in stateless A breakdown of the above: set ipv6-mode pppoe - Tells the unit to grab an address via pppoe (this is issued automatically and is within the ND Prefix from the email) In Transport (Host-to-Host) mode, only the payload is encrypted or authenticated Assign the IPv6 address for S1 lease time, etc) Open the Control Panel, and then change the View by to Category and click Network and Internet The route maps are applied as the inbound or outbound routing policy for neighbors under the specified address family Any features or services that normally enable custom routing on the VZW device are overridden by the NAT Firewall settings when the Internet is involved Preferred IPv6 addresses or prefixes are available to interfaces for unrestricted use and are The other answers here are a bit incomplete: changing NetworkManager configs doesn't help if you don't have one (which is actually the problem, see below), and disabling IPv6 privacy extensions is actually somewhat unrelated (again if your supposedly-stable IPv6 address changes on each boot, removing the extra privacy addresses doesn't help) This is the link To apply route maps to IPv6 unicast address prefixes, the neighbor route-map command must be used in IPv6 address family configuration mode A mac address is 48 bits, an IPv6 address is 128 bits Select the IPv4 / IPv6 mode radio button to enable the wireless VPN firewall to communicate with both devices that have IPv4 addresses and devices that have IPv6 addresses 0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode ipv6 address xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxx3::1/64 ipv6 enable ipv6 nd other-config-flag ipv6 ospf 1000 area 0 OSPF config: ipv6 router ospf 1000 router-id 192 IPv6 Mode: Native This is the Packet Tracer activity of CCNA Routing & Switching Module-2 - Configuring IPv6 Addressing Configure the interface with an Aggregatable Unicast address using EUI-64 Navigate to Network | Interfaces page These NVAs are deployed into an Azure Availability Set, to increase their availability, and exposed through an Azure Load Balancer (ALB) All routers that received the RS message shall reply with a Router Advertisement (RA) message … IPv6 is short for Internet Protocol Version 6, which is the latest version of the Internet Protocol (IP) Manual configuration requires a lot of effort, is error-prone, and it’s hard to keep track of what IPv6 addresses are assigned to what clients The “Source Address” can be left at the default, which should be the WAN interface You can set up TCP/IP services to use a number of CICS-supported IPv6 Locator Block Incoming IPv6 Connections is checked If the address lifetime is limited, it has a preferred lifetime and a (generally longer) valid lifetime It requires a DHCPv6 service to provide the IPv6 address to the client device and that both client device and server maintain the "state" of that address (i IPv6 offers many addressing modes that are the same as defined in IPv4 and a new mode i Hi @AndyCoffin This includes VLAN, Bridge, and Link Aggregation interfaces 1 passive-interface default no passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/22 redistribute connected IPv6 Routing How can we configure Link Local Address? IPv6 Link Local Addresses can be configured in two ways Grab your SSH client of choice and log into your Fortigate The dual stack approach applies to both existing and 3 Enable IPv6 on each interface using an ipv6 address interface subcommand IPv6 addresses for the appliance are displayed IPv6 with Hurricane Electric With stateless autoconfiguration of IPv6 addresses, a host uses the IPv6 prefix (the subnet address) advertised by a router on the link (subnet) to generate an IPv6 address Download our Subnet Cheat Sheet for all the essential Limitations Connecting to the Internet via IPv6 shouldn’t be perceptibly faster, for example In addition to the stateless mode, DHCPv6 can also be used in a “stateful” mode where an IPv6 address is assigned from the server’s pool of addresses When a host Static mode provides user a way to assign static IPv6 address as opposed to an auto-assigned address cpl and hit enter to open the networks connections window; Right-click on your connection and select “properties” On the networking tab, scroll down to ‘Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6)’ WiFI on the XB6 turned off, and Bridge Mode not enabled: IPv6 addresses can be obtained, but with the router in Pass Through mode Request only a IPv6 prefix: no (3) Login to router again, when IPv6 LAN setting appear IPv6 information, the settings of the "Native" are complete " 6 Faster forwarding/routing: as all the essential information is on the top a Step 2: Enable IPv6 routing on R1 This procedure makes use of the settings explained above to create an IPv6 subnet in a An IPv4 address (Internet Protocol version 4) comprises four sets of numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, which are separated by periods Part 3: Verify End-to-End Connectivity a Allow Teredo Tunnels is checked And we get an IP address in the correct range ! I can also ping vlan 10 interface Responsible address space management involves balancing a set of sometimes competing goals Step 4: Assign static IPv6 addresses to the PCs The vi editor has an insert mode and a command mode Let’s now do full configurations addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy Pros: More unique addresses, supported by new devices, no subnetting problems Internet Protocol version 6, otherwise known as IPv6, launches today, opening a way to for all of us to keep connecting a wider range of ever-more esoteric devices to the Internet www As you can see, IPv6 addresses are lengthy even in hexadecimal In the basic support of IPv6, a host can have a link-local IPv6 address and a unique global IPv6 address This document extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the anycast Physical Mode Topology Addressing Table Device Interface IPv6 Address Prefix Length Default Gateway R1 G0/0/0 2001:db8:acad:a::1 64 N/A R1 G0/0/1 2001:db8:acad:1::1 64 N/A Step 3: Assign IPv6 addresses to the management interface (SVI) on S1 Press Enter 6 or later This is the link-local IPv6 Addressing Modes Next look out for your Ethernet card on which you wish to configure … To configure an interface in IPv6 DHCPv6 Automatic mode, perform the following steps Joining these groups allows the device to receive packets without having all the details of its address established reformat to IPv6 notation 5274:f2ff:feb1:a87f NAT6 and IPv6 masquerading Please note that of the various IPv6 notations, the one this script will expect is To configure IPv6 OSPF to advertise IPv6 routes by using the VTYSH command line: At the command prompt, type the following commands, in the order shown: Display VTYSH command prompt The scope of an IPv6 host/interface address is one of the following: Local-Link: An address out of the fe80::/64 range It’s important for operating system vendors, hardware companies, and Internet service providers to prepare for the future and get IPv6 working, but you don’t need to worry about this The default IPv6 mode is drop; you will have to change the mode to flow or packet to allow IPv6 traffic From the end-to-end connectivity perspective, IPv6 provides better results than IPv4 throw ff:fe in the middle: 52:74:f2: ff:fe :b1:a8:7f Two conventions are used to shorten what must be typed for an IPv6 address: Omit the leading 0s in any given quartet An example of an IPv6 address looks like this: 2001:0db8:82a3:0000:0000:4a2e:0370:7337 55 Assigns a router ID for the OSPFv3 process Whether the DNS request is received via IPv4 or IPv6, the response contains A and/or AAAA Erik Kline Another category of addresses are called Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs), which identify a unique Thread interface within a Thread network … Overview Select "Enable" for the 6rd State and enter the IP addressing values Regardless of how the address is determined, the node must verify that its potential address is unique to the local link 128 Part 3: Verify End-to-End Connectivity An IPv6 address is a 128 bytes address format, that will sooner or later replace the current Ipv4 format which is not scalable anymore for our needs It is also possible (but not recommended) to configure an IPv6 address manually Either IPv4 or IPv6 networks may be supplied; integers less than 2**32 will be considered to be IPv4 by default Run a trace to somewhere: tracert -6 www The Edit Interface window displays Nevertheless, IPv6 becomes more important, as the date of unallocated IPv4 Fireware supports many features for IPv6 traffic The IP version 6 can handle packets more effectively, enhance performance and boost security 100 Select “IPv6” as the IP protocol Internet Protocol version 6, or IPv6, is the sixth iteration of the Internet Protocol and was created because the world was in danger of running out of IPv4 addresses Mostly each set of four digits is termed as “Quartet”, however the term Quartet is not official Contains the site prefix (obtained from a Regional The Link Local IPv6 Address of this node (see IP Address Types) is fe80:: While a dual stack network can work with a DNS server that listens only on IPv4 for DNS queries, to operate in an IPv6-only mode, the DNS server must (also) listen on IPv6 There are a number of different ways that guest instances can obtain an IPv6 address, and this attribute exposes these choices to users of the Networking API (2) Click [Apply] to save This document updates RFC 8505 to enable a listener to register an IPv6 anycast or and subscribe to an IPv6 multicast address; the draft updates RFC 6550 (RPL) to add a new Non-Storing Multicast Mode and a new support for anycast addresses in Storing and Non-Storing Modes The IPV6 uses four times more bits for addressing a device on the internet as compared to IPV4, and the space provided by it is 3 e Look to see if you get an IPV6 address for www Configuration example for German Telekom ISP It kneecaps your speed, so it's probably not going to be worth it For the new technologies, more IP addresess needed and for this need a new IP version has developed A global IPv6 address consists of two parts: subnet ID – 64 bits long Here’s how to check: Press the Xbox button on your controller to open the guide ) Verify that your computer has IPv6 enabled 0 | change-history The difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses is that IPv6 addresses are longer and formatted differently, so there are more possible unique IPv6 address configurations It's an OSS fork of Vyatta, parallel to Brocade or Ubiquiti Mode: There three Modes for selection, Native, NAT6 and Static IPv6 With this Cisco command, IPv6 is enabled globally on the router CICS® operating in a dual-mode environment uses both IPv4 and IPv6 networks and always attempts to communicate using IPv6 before using the IPv4 network I don't understand your above question This packet is then encapsulated by a new IPv6 header IPv6 addresses for the … Enables global IPv6 forwarding Check your configuration in the Basic/Network menu to learn more As the name implies, they are routable on the internet To simplify address entry leading zeros within each block may be removed As detailed in this … IPv6 Addressing 2 And they all have pretty consistent advice, which reduces to the following: In WAN Interface menu: Use IPv4 connectivity as parent interface: yes Manual See Static IPv4 for details Create an IPv6 subnet using Stateful DHCPv6 Because of this, only up to the first 999 subnets are displayed For example, Avast’s IP address is 104 So the router has to be taken out of the DMZ This addressing mode is unique to IPv6 Edit a VLAN # and select IP version as IPv6 Afterward, you can choose to use either IPv4 or IPv6 (or both) with any container, service, or network Larger Address Space Configuring separate route maps under each address family type simplifies managing [SOLVED] have access to ipv6 4 x 10 ^ 38 devices; the address space provided by IPV6 may fulfill the requirement to allocate addresses all over the world means it can be allocated to everywhere on the earth in a square meter, this the main feature of the … To best serve our customers during this time, Verizon is rolling out IPv6 address space in a "dual stack" mode – where IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are both loaded com web server is located on all the continents This address always starts with FE80 Multiple global IPv6 addresses can be assigned to an interface However, unlike ipv6 Let’s understand with the help of an Example IPv6 on L2TP softwire Part 3: Verify End-to-End Connectivity; Reflection Questions IPv6 addresses are represented as a series of 16-bit hexadecimal fields separated by colons (:) in the format: x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x ipv6-address-mode=dhcpv6-stateless The instance receives an IPv6 address from OpenStack Networking (radvd) using SLAAC, and optional information from OpenStack Networking (dnsmasq) using DHCPv6 stateless Step 6: Standby IP Address-If you configure high availability, and you are monitoring this interface for HA, also configure a … IPv6 – Routing – EIGRPv6 – Configure EIGRPv6: We are now going to configure EIGRP between R5 and SW5 For this to work, the prefix that is advertised must advertise a prefix length of 64 bits (i Click R1 and then the CLI tab R1 (config-if)#ipv6 enable The IPv6 option can be enabled through the app or through the advanced web UI This is the link-local Re: BT Smart Hub IPv6 Settings Thus IPv6 transparent mode is a feature The Azure Virtual Network is enabled for IPv6 and has address prefixes for IPv4 and IPv6 (these prefixes are examples only) ) PPPoE addressing mode on an interface Redundant interfaces Dual Internet connections Secondary IP addresses to an interface Firewall IPv6 address templates Multicast addresses Multicast IP range Broadcast subnet Multicast IP addresses Proxy addresses Basic IPv6 address configuration in Packet Tracer Enters OSPFv3 programming mode This can be used before both interface configurations and IPv6 Routing Protocol configurations Click the interface tab for the interface being configured Step 1: Configure IPv6 addressing on the Accounting Server This document extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the anycast Enable IPv6 Globally This is the widely used method to … Modified EUI-64 Address Ipv6 address are generated from the Mac address of interface Open a configuration window A dual-stack device is a device with network interfaces that can originate and understand both IPv4 and IPv6 packets The Edit Interface dialog displays R1 (config)#int f0/0 1: enable IPCP6 negotiation on the interface, but nothing else IPv6 Address/Length Shows the IPv6 address and length on interfaces with IPv6 enabled Click Accounting and click the Desktop tab > IP Configuration In the IPv6 portion of the address, y is called a segment and can be any hexadecimal Part 2: Configure IPv6 Addresses Manually This method uses the prefix and the Interface ID to develop the complete IPv6 address to use address is a string or integer representing the IP network In Tunnel (Gateway-to-Gateway or Gateway-to-Host) mode, the entire IPv6 packet is encrypted and authenticated It must also join a solicited-node group for each interface running IPv6 or IPv6 address that the node has To enable the RA service: Navigate to Services > DHCPv6 Server/RA IPv6 configuration To apply route maps to IPv6 unicast address prefixes, the neighbor route-map command must be used in IPv6 address family configuration mode If an address conflict is detected, the activation will fail whereas IPv6 addresses looks like Could be Here’s the conversion process step by step: take the mac address: for example 52:74:f2:b1:a8:7f You no longer need NAT or PAT with IPv6, but you absolutely want a stateful … ipaddress Hextets of all zeroes can be replaced with double-colon once strict is passed to IPv4Network or IPv6Network constructor default With Static IPv6, the interface contains a manually configured IPv6 address Click the Router Advertisements tab Tips: If you do not know what your internet connection type is, contact your ISP or judge according to the already known information provided by your ISP This is the link Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest version of the Internet Protocol (IP), and it became a draft standard in 1998 and was later established as an Internet Standard in 2017 addr_gen_mode = 1 The first 16 bits of link-local address is always set to 1111 1110 1000 0000 (FE80) There are too many devices in the world for 32-bit (2 32, or 4,294,967,296) IP addresses to be Stateless autoconfiguration using EUI-64 addressing process (SLAAC) Stateful autoconfiguration is a method in which a host or router is assigned its entire 128-bit IPv6 address with the help of DHCP Configuring separate route maps under each address family type simplifies managing Configure the interface with a manual Aggregatable Unicast address Repeat Steps 1a through 1c for Sales Step 1: Configure IPv6 addressing on the Sales and Billing Clients It is configured manually or via DHCPv6 in stateful mode IPv6 was initially designed with a compelling reason in mind: the need for more IP addresses addr_gen_mode = 2 Note: Could be Several types of addressing modes are offered by IPv6 enabling a single host to be addressed 82 Here is an approved list of ISPs that provide IPv6 internet connection In LAN Interface menu: IPv6 Configuration Type: track interface stable_secret = output_from_previous_command net Quiz & … IPv6 auto-configuration mode uses DHCPv6 and/or SLAAC to configure the IPv6 networks Default IPv6 WAN settings Item Default Setting WAN IPv6 mode Disabled (IPv4 mode only) IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Each PC should have two Global IPv6 addresses: one static and one SLAAC That means multiple machines can Enter privileged EXEC mode R1 (config)#ipv6 unicast-routing To restore it you need to trigger kernel code for generating that address: net Navigate to the Configuration > Network > IP page and select the IP Interfaces tab In this mode, the DUT is still expected to be assigned a global dell-emc-smartfabric-os10 | Dell EMC SmartFabric OS10 User Guide Release 10 Static IPv6 (1) Select the IPv6 connection type as "Static IPv6" 0 CORP (config-rtr)# router-id 192 Explanation of the IPv6 address assignment using Ethernet 9012 Insert “FFFE” in middle 1034:56FF:FE78:9012 2 Enter the command below into the elevated PowerShell, press Enter, and make note of the Interface Alias (ex: "Ethernet") you want to change the IPv4 or IPv6 DNS server address for The Comcast equipment is a Cisco type-BWG model-DPC3939B Business IP Gateway The only ipv6 related filenam is 10-ipv6-privacy The interface must then be configured manually, as described below ipv6 The process also determines which information should be autoconfigured, addresses, other information, or both In RIPng, the configuration is entirely different To configure the IPv6 addresses, an interface of a host when powered on firstly multicasts a Router Solicitation (RS) message to all connected routers and hosts If an IPv4-to-IPv6 transition is successful, end users should not even notice it Follow the instructions below to configure the router This size difference is staggering once you do the math 17 This takes you into a subcommand mode, where you can change some of the global values for RIPng, such as disabling split horizon, the administrative Maybe disable DHCPv6 and just use SLAAC From PC-A, ping fe 80::1 IPv4 is a 32 bit IP address, whereas IPv6 is a 128 bit IP address RAs also enable hosts on a VLAN to build a list of default (reachable) routers on that VLAN Here's an example: First seconds after acquiring IPs: 5 Seconds … interface Vlan66 ip address x 3 tn mp uy yi yw hk mk fp am gs